His answer: "[I]t is to conserve and perpetuate the institution of slavery as now existing" (Palmer 1860, p. 6). Religion and Slavery | Encyclopedia.com Why Did So Many Christians Support Slavery? | Christian History Which statement is true of cotton agriculture in the pre-Civil War era? Because they were welcomed into the churches, they felt a sense of belonging that they felt in almost no other sphere of their existence. To many Southern ministers, slavery conferred upon slaveholders a sense of responsibility for the souls of their slaves. This belief arose primarily from the widespread conviction that slaves could not take care of themselves if left to their own devices. More important, from the point of view of the congregants, both black and white, is the message sent from Southern pulpits that protection was the watchword. what did the Virginia legislature do about slavery in 1831 and 1832? 89). Which description best identifies how Christian slaveholders justified the enslavement of other human beings? 27 Apr. yes, they dreamed of becoming rich and owning slaves, and their pride in their race would be diluted if the slaves were freed, independent small farmers in the Appalachians who owned no slaves and supported the Union. In 1859 an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia), in an attempt to initiate an armed rebellion of enslaved persons. the belief that people of African descent were mentally and morally inferior, The internal slave trade in the Unites States ran from the, During the nineteenth century, the center of cotton production. Palmer then swings back to a more practical argument: that the Northand the world beyondneeds to maintain the status quo in the South just as much as the South needs it: "[The] world has grown more and more dependent on [slavery] for sustenance and wealth the enriching commerce has been largely established upon the products of our soil: and the blooms upon southern fields gathered by black hands, have fed the spindles and looms of Manchester and Birmingham not less than of Lawrence and Lowell" (Palmer 1860, pp. The sermon, which reads in part almost like the Declaration of Independence, notes that a nation "often has a character as well defined and intense as that of the individual" (Palmer 1860, p. 6). Biblical Reasons. Instead, Calhoun insisted, slavery was a positive good. He went further, making legal arguments about the Constitution protecting states rights to preserve slavery. Slavery is the unconditional servitude of one individual to another. Jolted by the assault, the South became convinced that its entire way of life would be irretrievably threatened by the election to the presidency of Abraham Lincoln (November 1860), who was opposed to the spread of slavery into the Western territories. You cannot download interactives. A video of the rapper Kanye West discussing slavery is a sad reminder of America's historical amnesia about the brutal realities of that institution. At one end of its spectrum was William Lloyd Garrison, an "immediatist," the founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-70), who denounced not only slavery but also the Constitution of the United States for tolerating the evil. Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. How Did Southerners Justify Secession? - Reference.com And the states never delegated to the federal government any power to suppress secession. . For these ministers, slavery not only had divine sanction, it was a necessary part of Christianity. Sig= was a weak justification for slavery and racism in the south. Which identifies a major contradiction in the attitudes of southern yeoman farmers? Won an exemption from the Mexican law prohibiting slavery. Many planters worked their land until it was exhausted. US History Ch 11. Flashcards | Quizlet What arguments does Fitzhugh use to promote slavery? Founder of Texas. What were the main ideas of the Confederate Constitution? The pursuit of happiness is often considered an ideal, but it may be possible to have too muchor the wrong kindof a good thing. JSTOR Daily readers can access the original research behind our articles for free on JSTOR. Tennessee Historical Quarterly, Vol. to enact gradual voluntary emancipation for slaves. Thanks for reading! Free blacks in the South faced each of the following limitations EXCEPT. Myths & Misunderstandings: The North and Slavery - American Civil War They pushed for an immediate end to the enslavement of people. The typical great planter of the pre-Civil War South was. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet? In the case of the Episcopalians, several Southern dioceses seceded to form the Episcopal Church, C.S.A. 2023 . Curiously, while most of them do note that the Bible sanctions slavery, they fail to give definitive proof in the way of specific passages. I might well challenge a comparison between them and the more direct, simple, and patriarchal mode by which the labor of the African race is, among us, commanded by the European. That, suggests. Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. Confederates feared the Emancipation Proclamation would lead to slave uprisings, an occurrence which even northerners did not desire. It illustrates southern leaders intense suspicion of democratic majorities and their ability to effect legislation that would challenge southern interests. . . The Antebellum South . See how American abolitionists, such as Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Thomas Garrett, helped enslaved persons escape to freedom, Learn how the work of Frederick Douglass still matters today, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Southern defense of the peculiar institution, The History of Slavery in North America Quiz, Slavery and Resistance Through History Quiz, raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry. . "The Difference in Race between Northern and Southern People." How Antebellum Christians Justified Slavery - JSTOR Daily Must I pause to show how it has fashioned our modes of life, and determined all our habits of thought and feeling, and moulded the very type of our civilization? Rather, they note that the master-slave relationship has existed since the beginning of humanityand, that as long as masters understand their obligation to slaves (including the provision of spiritual sustenance), the system is overall an acceptable one. Hudson, Winthrop S. Religion in America. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); As abolitionism gathered strength, white Southerners repositioned themselves from an acceptance of slavery as a necessary evil to defending it as a positive good. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces in order to uphold the institution of. During the war, Confederate soldiers were optimistic about the prospects for the survival of the Confederacy and the institution of slavery well into 1864. The Virginian George Fitzhugh contributed to the defense of slavery with his book Sociology for the South, or the Failure of Free Society (1854). Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. was cotton an important factor of the economy? In the South, however, clergy were confronted with trying to defend slavery. Before, during, and after the United States Revolutionary War, several of the original 13 British colonies abolished slavery. It afforded greater long-term security In the upper tier of southern states, the principal slave-produced commodity was. He is but a grown up child and must be governed as a child . . Slavery had been an important economic institution in the South from early colonial days, less so in the more industrialized North. They often accompanied their parents and were cared for by older children. Stringfellow, Thornton. Harriet Tubman: Tubman was a fugitive enslaved person. According to Fitzhugh: [I]t is clear the Athenian democracy would not suit a negro nation, nor will the government of mere law suffice for the individual negro. Many Southerners compared their cause to that of the American Revolution of nearly a century earlier, and religious leaders eagerly helped popularize that notion. concurrent majority:a majority of a separate region (that would otherwise be in the minority of the nation) with the power to veto or disallow legislation put forward by a hostile majority, polygenism:the idea that Black people and White people come from different origins. Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. immigrants; it was better to pay someone than to risk losing an investment, not really; they had minimal protection from arbitrary murder or unusually cruel punishments and some states prohibited the sale of children under 10. did authorities enforce laws that benefited slaves? Was slavery the reason for the Civil War? But a number of factors combined to give the movement increased momentum, particularly as abolitionisms cause became caught up in the undercurrents of sectionalism. Be it good or bad, [slavery] has grown up with our society and institutions, and is so interwoven with them that to destroy it would be to destroy us as a people. How many times is slavery mentioned in the constitution? Girardeau served as a Confederate chaplain during the war; after the war ended, his former slave congregants, now free men and women, implored him to "come back to preach to them as of old" (White 1911, p. 304). Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Our negroes are not only better off as to physical comfort than free laborers, but their moral condition is better. A key issue was states rights. what happened to those who smuggled in African slaves? . The abolitionist movement emerged in states like New York and Massachusetts. The Southern apologist were people from the southern parts of the united states who argued in favour of slavery. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"fnEDtBydh4cCYOf_hqpynad7Vzo8opegdVfoKL6amBI-86400-0"}; Abolitionism, meanwhile, was in itself a heterogeneous movement. I'm Cary Hardy, an education expert and consultant. This message was accepted gladly both by whites and a significant number of slaves. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Slaves were needed for farming mostly, and agriculture is the South's forte. Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. Rather than emphasize that slavery was a profitable labor system essential to the health of the southern economy, apologists turned to the Bible and history. Sold tons of land to newcomers. Why was slavery the most important cause of the Civil War? From the 1820s until the start of the U.S. Civil War, abolitionists called on the federal government to prohibit the ownership of people in the Southern states. Slaves usually named their children after _________, which illustrated the importance of __________ for African Americans. 1830s Area in the south that was a hotbed for cotton production. She was active in the Underground Railroad, the clandestine network of safe houses and abolitionists that helped escapees reach freedom in the North. Recent post: Who Is The Catholic Bishop Of South Dakota? . The popularity of tanning rose in the early twentieth century, when bronzed skin signaled a life of leisure, not labor. . The economic argument, however, failed to address the exploitative nature of slavery. When the Second Presbyterian Church of Charleston opened in 1850 to serve the slave and free black community, James Henley Thornwell delivered the dedication sermon to a crowd of both white and black congregantsa sermon that underscores how the average Southern preacher saw how slavery and religious values could coexist: The slave has rights, all the rights which belong essentially to humanity, and without which his nature could not be human or his conduct susceptible of praise or blame. . Born February 1818? document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); JSTOR Daily provides context for current events using scholarship found in JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, books, and other material. What does this image reveal about the methods of those who advocated polygenism? I then predicted that it would commence as it has with this fanatical portion of society, and that they would begin their operations on the ignorant, the weak, the young, and the thoughtless and gradually extend upwards till they would become strong enough to obtain political control. no, overspeculation and the purchase of too many slaves forced many into debt; slaves were also expensive and the system was overly reliant upon one crop. Aaron Sheehan-Dean is the Fred C. Frey Professor of Southern Studies at Louisiana State University. Our best stories about the vast histories and cultures of Americans with ancestry in Asia and the Pacific. He had been John Adger's successor in the Second Presbyterian Church of Charleston for several years. it required southern postmasters to destroy it and told southern state officials to arrest federal postmasters who did not comply, no, many northerners wanted to keep the clauses on slavery in the Constitution, those who did not want to fully abolish slavery but prevent it from extending it west, an organization created in the Great Depression that hired people to improve culture, including interviewing remaining former slaves from Virginia to Texas for three years; most of the slaves were very old and/or had been very young when enslaved, so they weren't as useful.
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