According to Ratzel, a nation's territory is like an organism that must grow and expand in order to survive and thrive, and he argued that nations must continuously seek to expand their territory in order to secure the resources and living space they need to prosper. If a second state occupies that territory peacefully and publicly over a long period of time, it may be said to have acquired the territory.Accretion is when a state's territory increases by natural processes, such as deposits from rivers or volcanic eruptions.Cession is when one nation voluntarily gives up territory to another, typically via a treaty or sale. A fragmented state is a state whose territory is physically divided into several distinct segments. A perforated state is a state that __________. This international body, headquartered in Jamaica, is responsible for administering these resource projects through a business unit called the Enterprise. The high seas are considered to be a global commons, and are governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It consists of the Jutland Peninsula and several islands in the Baltic Sea, referred to as the Danish Archipelago. The Territorial Sea includes 12 miles of complete sovereignty away from the coast. The convention established international norms for recognizing sovereignty, boundaries, and international relations. Admiralty Law is in effect "High Seas" or international waters: Boundary disputes between states or provinces: Boundary disputes can also occur within countries, between states or provinces that have overlapping or conflicting claims to territory. Sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources of the seabed, subsoil, and waters above it. Straight baselines (which are not a feature, but change the baseline when used), Artificial Islands, Installations, and Structures. Boundary disputes have been a source of conflict and tension in many parts of the world and have contributed to the outbreak of wars and other violent conflicts. AP Human Geography Course - AP Central | College Board A state's territorial sea, where it is sovereign, extends 19 kilometers (12 miles) into the sea. To understand the untapped potential of U.S. ocean and coastal areas, the federal government has developed several strategies and recommendations to advance mapping, exploration, and characterization of our nations EEZ. (Units 1-7 Summarized) Mr. Sinn 393K views 1 year ago 13 AP Human Geography Unit 4 Review Mr. Sinn Political Boundary Disputes & The Law. QUIZ NEW SUPER DRAFT. There is no right of innocent passage through internal waters. For example, the people may not agree with the boundaries or other states may not recognize them. Great Britain controlled the most colonies. With more 3.4 million square nautical miles (4 million square miles) of ocean, the U.S. EEZ is larger than the land area of all 50 states combined and is one of the largest EEZs in the world. Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) was a German geographer and ethnographer who is best known for his contributions to the development of the discipline of geography and for his theory of Lebensraum, also known as the Organic Theory. Most populous is Puerto Rico,owned by the US. This was a doctrine that took effect in the 17th century and customarily limited each coastal nation's claims to three miles of territorial water off of their coast. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Territorial sea. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/territorial%20sea. Two classic examples are Italy, which completely surrounds San Marino and the Vatican, and South Africa, which completely surrounds Lesotho. However, despite this clarified law, numerous conflicts have arisen. Territorial sea Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster The Philippines and Malaysia both claim the islands lie within their territorial seas up to 12 nautical miles from their coasts. Ratzel is known for his work on the concept of Lebensraum, which he developed in his book "Political Geography" (1897). It also allows the coastal State to build artificial islands, installations, and structures. This new territory would allow China to control more water to extract natural resources, control more extensive trade routes, and extend areas where they could grow fishing practices to their benefit. An internal boundary is a line or border that divides one area or entity into two or more smaller areas or entities. An antecedent boundary may come to be more relevant in the future if people begin to settle in the area; this is what happened with the boundary between the United States and Canada in Oregon. Examples include the U.S. annexation of Texas in 1845, and Germanys annexation of Austria in 1938. Under international law, within its defined EEZ, a coastal nation has: The United States claimed a 200-nautical-mile EEZ in 1983 (Presidential Proclamation No. In order to expand, China seized one of the island chains called the Paracels from Vietnam in 1974. Topics Page Ch. Territorial seas are the most straightforward zone. China has tried to claim uninhabited islands, some human-made islands, to expand their ocean claim, hoping their exclusive economic zone would be larger by having more land. Much like internal waters, coastal States have sovereignty and jurisdiction over the territorial sea. Due to the maritime features discussed later in this chapter, the U.S. has the largest EEZ in the world, totaling 3.4 million square nautical miles. At the same time, the control of territory can be used as a means of exercising political power, as the ability to regulate and control the use of a particular piece of land or water can give a group or individual a great deal of influence over those who depend on it.